Social issue, Governance, Education

Religion is a very volatile issue in India and therefore India Constitution seeks to ensure state neutrality in the matter of religion. State government will neither propagate the religion or prohibit the religion. As per indias Constitution state has no preferred religion but in order to protect religion state may interfere that interference should be logical, legitimate and as per constitutional values. Article 25 to 28 give freedom of religion. Citizens/ all persons residing in India, protection of religion. As per article 25 to 28 indias Constitution provide religious freedom to all religious an act the same time. It is expected from state that interference is going to be constitutionally correct or all religion are treated a like by the state and equal protection should be provided all the religion by the state itself.  Article 25- freedom of conscience, freedom of propagation and practice of religious. Freedom of religion means article 25(1) subjected to public morality and a...

Inflation generally means price rise or demand and supply increase, if other words says sustained upward trend in the general price level of various goods and services. Inflation generally depends upon not only the above mention macroeconomic factor the same time due to some external issue as well cumulatively inflation actually means sustain increase in the price level. at the same time reduction in the purchasing power of the money.look at financial year 2021-22 world was witnessing a very high degree of inflation and today's time gas(CNG) and many goods under due to cost push inflation. Cost push inflation means shopper store goods and when demands high in market then supply these things commonly known as cost push inflation.  Let's understand stagflation, commonly known as high inflation and high unemployment, for a growing economy like India or any other emerging economy it would be quite beneficial. If there is a moderate high inflation and very low unemployment. Low unem...

Global South is a geopolitical term, it is not geographical term. Global South belongs to three region (1) Latin America (2) Asia exept Japan (3) Africa, global South means those regions of the world which have been at certain time been a net sufferor imperialism and colonialism. As per few political cretic global South also means a region of political in stability, home to extreme poverty known for racism and a hub of political revolution. Emergence of global South phenomena of globalisation. After 1990 a massive shift in economic activity of the world took place, globalization it leads to economic prosperity, wealth generation and financial investment in global South. Developing countries or global South are no longer known for political instability and poverty in fact due to vibrant economic potential .the global South is the hub of various important economic project of the world. Africa, Asia or Latin America which were known for global South or being a third world country become a...

At prasent several European countries such as spain, Italy, Greece sicily are facing heat wave conditions. Temperature many areas cross 40°C creating health risk for people and increasing the dangers wildfires. In India, Bangladesh, Pakistan crass 40°C temperatures. People need to take proper care safe and healthy. They use loose cotton clothes, children and old people need extra care during heat wave because they are more affected by high temperature and avoid spicy and oily food.extreme heat 57% of Indian district. 3 - 5°C more recorded air temperature making even moderate heat more dangerous. During a heat wave student often feel tired, weak, and uncomfortable because high temperature may face heart attack, dehydration and difficulty in concentrating. This affect their preparation and performance in exam.  Region of heat waves - change in behaviour of jet stream. Heat domes all over the planet of earth due to anticyclonic high pressure zone heat domes has been created over the s...

Ruling government decided that caste census continue in officially two phase in complete. First phase start in April 2026 to September 2026 and second phase start in population with caste enumeration phase 9 February 2027 till February 2027. We all know that Indian society are heterogeneous society live in India multicaste, multilinguistic, and multitraditional society. Societies means group of people having common custom and law.  Indian society as of now can always be known for ethnic diversity, cultural diversity, linguistic and political diversity and caste diversity. all the above mention diversity only caste diversity is a matter of great introspection among the research scholar because due to caste diversity indias political economy democratic culture as well as various aspects of social life depends. Indian society known for its diversity is an outcome of various important socio religious events.    Characteristics of Indian society Megasthenes- Indian society dec...

Election commission of India(ECI) is a very vital institution. In order to sustain the princepal of democracy value. ECI are derived it's power from the three provision (1) constitutional provision XVth article 324-329 (2) election Commission 1991 (3) representation of people act 1951.Article 324- ECI three important power Superintendence, direction, control. Superintendence means situation according full power with manage any situation. But don't define in Constitution suprintendance. Article 324(5) says subject to the provision of any law made by the parliament, the conduct of service, tenure of office, ECI of india shall be decided by the president. Art324 says EC has an independent power to regulate election in are country but the office of election Commission (EC) and it's member been decided by the executive alone under EC 1991.which some time can generate a question of executive interference in the ECI. Chief election Commission (CEC) and other election commissioners...

India as a country and northeast as the geographical region is always known for us ethnic diversity.due to this diverse culture various tribal communities wants to establish their ethnic supremacy and as a result of it a situation of ethnic violence is one of the harsh reality of northeast india.  Ethnic diversity devided in to four part, due ethnic diversity of northeast their are 100 of tribal communities scattered along northeast india and for them Constitution has provided important safeguard- Protoaustraloid (santhal, bheel, gond), Dravidian, mongoloid and negrito. Under article 244 the President can declare certain area as schedule area and 6th schedule area. Schedule area came four area(1) Assam(2) meghalaya (3) Tripura (4) mizoram. In 6th schedule area autonomous district Council.    Various conflict issues in North East of India - ongoing ethnic violence in manipur, manipur in maitei society 50% live and politically more strong, live in valley area(Imphal). And 5...

Language is a social phenomenon, because it's relevance only in a social setting. Language is a process of growth and change.language through we think, feel, judge and express. Language is the most important characteristics forms of human behavior. Language is a speech produced distinct sound by animal, birds to convey a particular feeling or emotion. It recognized expression and communication from man to man and person to another person by means of speech and hearing.  Language to be living must move with the groups, in this process change and growth language attain new shape new approach and new significance. Language is a activity and a purposeful activity, it must help man to express himself in a variety of new and different kinds of situation.language as a symbolic system, language either report to or substitute for and direct experience. Language is a great force of socialisation. Language is primarily a vocal actualisation to see realities symbolically. There can not be any ...

Rising of energy demand in India has witnessed electricity demand increase at 4.1% during the last decade. Indias likely installed capacity for the year 2026-27 will be around 610GW with around 57.4% non fossil based capacity from around 40% of march 2022.installed capacity of renewable energy source is expected to contribute around 35% to the total energy mix by 2026-27.India has achieved a reaction in the emission intensity by 45% in 2030 against the levels of the year 2005. Emission intensity- is the level of green house gas emission per unit of economic activity usually measured at the national level as GDP. Central electricity authority a statutory organization under electricity act 2003. It's work under ministry of power. It was originally constituted under section 3(1) of repeated electricity and supply act 1948.ready a full time body in 1975,its objective is to regulate and oversee the development of the electricity sector in the country and to ensure reliable 24×7 power su...

Digital public infrastructure (DPI) is a set of digital system that enable countries to safely and efficiently provide economic opportunity and to deliver social services. DPI faster essential services and create economic opportunity from the government to the  citizen in the area of finance health agriculture exetra. DPI is basically a technological interface where government through means of software technology and online payment system will enable various services directly in to the account of common citizens of the country.  Government objective DPI means technology payment system and data management system. Some key elements of DPI authentification, facilitation and regulation. Some important benefit of DPI-to secure, inclusive, transparent ecosystem will created increase transparency , social services facilities increase, transaction cost decrease, increase accessibility, security system increase and provide real time information. But we need some important base of DPI- ...

We all know status of women in India during various time frame in ancient time. Vedic era maitrey and gargi and medieval times women highly vulnerable jauhar sati and purdah system in India. Modern era starting period of industrialization, emancipation means free from any restrictions.   Vulnerability of women in india-gender discrimination, a larger of patriarchal mindset politically, socially, economically and psychologically. Women have a very poor labour force participation rate. Economic gap between men and women. Women more dependent on male for their economic well being. Proper right based approach not there for women in India. We want follow Welfare based approach reservation in lok sabha and rajya sabha and other place, we increase capacity development on inclusive growth. Why if you in politics then attain only well successful women on post in lok sabha and so on.company not pay equal wage salary in construction women workers and many place. Women are living in diffe...

Indias in job crisis are not employment crisis. 100 people go in competition or job but 80 reject and 10 select and 10 choose self employed. Indias total labour force is hovering around 64cr.which at the age groups 15 -59 and therefore India has been acknowledge as a country of demographic dividend but at the same time indias labour market highly skeived has been suffering from multiple chalanges.  Most of our labour force of cyclical employment. Agriculture contribute 16% GDP and labour participate 45% which worst form. As per India employment report 2024-4.5% of our labour force which is working agriculture sector which is not paying. India has a very poor industrial productivity. From the year 2000 to the year 2012 indias job growth rate of just above 2% and 2012 to 2024 it has been drop further. Therefore we are suffering jobless growth. Although we are having the 2nd biggest labour force in the world. But are not vocationally trend suffering from poor skills wage insecurity an...

Mental desease/ illness/ disorder are caused by genetic ,biological, economic, social, environmental. If it is not diagnosed/ cared/ recognised then create major problem i.e domestic violence, antisocial behaviour, loss of productiveness and lot of marginalized and stigmatized. National mental health survey(NMHS) finding of suffering from mental illness increase. Suffering mostly- any type stress disorder and neurological disorder. Nearly 20% of Indian population above the age of 18 mental disorder. In past globalised world burden of mental disorder raising individualism, due to want to establish economic identity and social identity. Global burden of desease increase, disability adjusted life years increase (number of years of life lost due to illness. It's not communicable desease, it's non communicable desease. Mental disability sum short of anxiety order, sleep disorder insomnia, memory loss( dementia),bi polar disorder, phobia, alcoholism and suicidal disorder. Why Indian ...

Delimitation means fixing the boundary of territorial constituencies. In the constituent assembly debate it was decided that number of Lok Sabha seats allocated to each state and division of each state in to territorial constituency would be decided by parliament alone. Article 82 after every census allocation of seat in Lok Sabha and division of each state in to territorial constituency shall be readjusted by such authority which has been created v/a parliament law. Simply say- Lok Sabha boundary can be readjusted every year Lok Sabha seat increase or decrease. Decision taken by delimitation commission can not be challenge any court, take decision majority.    The work for delimitation commission-(1) it determine the number of Lok Sabha seat and legislative seat every state as per the latest census. (2) They have the power to determine or readjust the territorial boundaries of various constituency Lok Sabha and legislative. (3) They also determine and identify the number of s...

The Aravalli range also play an important role in protecting the environment. Aravalli mountains were formed 1.5 to 2 billion years ago. Much older than Himalaya, Andes and Alps. Aravalli mountains range is not just important for India but also for the world.      Over 90% of ARAVALLIS will be out of legal protection, services provide ARAVALLIS (1)wild life corridor (2) barrier against desertification (3) ground water recharge       ARAVALLIS- Precambrian era tiger reserve RANTHOMBORE, SARISKA and MUKUNDRA hills. Aravalli mountain cover  four states/UT Gujrat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. ARAVALLIS rich in minerals marble granite, DOLMITE. ARAVALLIS ecological sensitive zone, it's support biodiversity, recharge ground water and regulate climate across northern India. Mining in ARAVALLIS support livelihoods and also contribute to state revenue particularly in Rajasthan. Many communities in these areas mining one of the few available sources o...

Ae kahani main hindi mein likhna pasand karunga. Ae kahani meri maa ki real kahani hai. Shuruaat main 1935 ke aas pass se kar raha hoon jab bharat mein male ki value kafi good thi.mere Nana ki 6 beti huyi koi beta nhi, jab gaav ke log bete na hone par tarah tarah ke taane sunate. Mere nana ji ke do bhai the wo kai bete huye aur koi beti nhi. Wo bhi nana ji ko tarah tarah ki taane dete par mere nana in sab se upar uth kar betiyo ki good se palan poshan ki. Unhi mein ek meri maa thi. Mere maa bahut mahnati aur dhairyavan thi unhone sari kuritiyo ko dekha aur jhela. Meri maa ki shadi 15 Or 16 yrs mein ho gayi. Apne ghar bhi maa samay se uthti ghar ka karya karti kha na banati phir khet mein jakar kam karti. Maa ke husband bhi kafi caring the maa ki good dhyan dete the. maa ke do child huye ek beta aur ek beti maa kafi khush thi aur pita ji bhi, nana ji kafi khush the kyuki unke 6 betiyo mein 5 ke yaha putra hua. Village ab nana ji bhi sir utha ke chalne lage ki sab taane dete the hamare y...

Women empowerment is important for the development of society. In India women's had some rights in ancient times but only few women's got them. Women like MAITREY and Gargi were educated but they did not get equal respect to men. In the medieval period women condition become worse. They had fewer right and no role in politics.  During British rule educated women started asking for their rights. In government of India act 1919 women got the right to vote for the first time. In government of India act 1935 they also got some chance to take part in politics but only few women benefited. After independence in 1950 women got equal rights like men. They could vote and take part in politics. But they did not get reservation quota. In 1992 a big change happened. Women got 33% reservation in panchayat and local bodies through constitutional amendment. In 2023 another big step was taken. A law was passed to give 33% reservation to women in Parliament and state assemblies. According to so...

Education is one of the most important right of every human being. It help as a tool people grow, learn new skills and build better future. In India education is a fundamental right, every child can go to school and learn. Recently supreme Court has questioned a 2014 Constitution bench judgement which exempted minority school from from the ambit of right to education(RTE) act 2009 right of children to free and compulsory education. This decision was given 2 judge bench while deciding whether TET( teacher eligibility text) was mandatory for minority institutions. The court observe that by taking minority school, out of the scope of RTE act may have the compromise fundamental right to quality education study in than. The court directed that teachers which less than 5 yrs of service may continue without clearing TET and teachers with more than 5yrs left retirement would have pass TET with in two years. Then bench also said that the verdict in pramati case appears disproportionate as the f...

 Personality right safegaurd and individual name likeness image voice signature and other distinctive traits from unauthorise commercial exploitation personality right in India based on comman law doctrine of privacy defamation and publicity right as well as various judicial orders. Personality right recognise the economic value of identity particularly for public figures. In 2025 order involving Aishwarya rai the delhi high Court noted that authorised used of a celebrity identity could cause commercial harm. The copy right act 1957 grant performers both exclusive rights and moral rights. Allowing to them to control how their performance are reproduce and to object any distortion and misuse. Court have restrained false false impersonation unauthorised use of images and names by websites and A.I tools as well as the creation of manipulated or in appropriate content. The trait marks act 1999 permits individual particularly celebrities to register distinctive attributes of their perso...

Social change often leads to social structure. Social mobility is the key factor changes of economic awareness opportunity but lack of development in village, district, state and nation. Mainly focus in rural areas, let's understand detailed situation in rural villages. If I talk well educated and qualitative educated person. They don't want live in rural areas. If they get job then firstly think I don't live in village. We all know many irregularities in villagers. No opportunity no we environment in literacy and so on. Mainly live in rural areas illiterate people, poor people. Our Constitution provide panchayatiraj people well excited and and other places go to voting period and many development provide government by panchayatiraj system. I research in uttar Pradesh many villages and see lot of development provide gram pradhan and other system talk about MP,MLA,, Zila parishad and zila panchayat only see in village voting period after winning, they never see front of vill...

Mansoon depend sun energy, how much water vapour, movement of  cloud. The Indian mansoon is actually depended upon following important atmospheric phenomenon Inter tropical convergence zone(ITCZ), jet stream, Indian Ocean dipole, madden Julian oscillation, Equitorial Indian Ocean dipole (EQUINOO) the phenomena of al-nino and la-nina. ITCZ is a low pressure belt which in circle the earth generally near equator and where the trade winds of northern and southern Hemisphere come to get her. Summer season Indian and tibetan plateau, low pressure area,mascarene high Corriolis force. Due to pressure belt of ITCZ Indian subcontinent attract the high pressure wind from mascarene high. This phenomena is known as propagation of South West monsoon. As South West mansoon proceeds ITCZ keep on shifting towards the tropic of cancer this leads to engulfing of mansoon in hole india. When ITCZ during the last phase of mansoon start shifting toward equator our tropic of Capricorn it leads to North Ea...

Scheduled caste represent communities that have historically disadvantaged and faced discrimination. Socialy politically, economically and educationally. Prasent time create a brand name dalit not only self respect rather empowerment historically injustice. And dalit youth feel courage and confidence. We all know that largely students and youth not well maturity and some arrogant but if we understand his background and surrounding environment, financial stability then we feel real problem. Dalit word fell identity dignity and justice expression. Present time largely educate and uneducate dalit says jai bheem. Jai bheem means slogan and visible impact of revolution educated and uneducated youth. Strategic policy driven long term empowerment dalit youth. We know know that ground level fight uneducate youth but hardly benefit. I practically feel this thing. Scheduled caste mostly economically and agriculturally weak. So other land of owner agriculture in hardworking. Women large amount go...

The health minister has directed all government department to display oil, sugar and transplant in every day indian snacks such as some jalebi, bada pav extra to highlight health risk of their consumption on regular basis. These initiative are driven by studies which provide evidence of increasing obesity in India. The campaign started by Aiims nagpur and taken to other states. The cbse has directed all affiliated school to establish sugar board to monitor and reduce sugar and take among children. Steps taken by government- awareness generation among people about food content. Clear front of package lebels to caution people. Regulate the advertisement marketing and promotion of unhealthy food. Additional tax on food products with high levels of fat sugar and salt. India is currently facing and unprecedented rise non communicable desease 66% of death across India. High fat and salt these are usually process food and a typically low in essential nutrients their accessive consumption can ...

Women are poor position in society, are not care women. Male dominant society, women are biologically made expressive. Women go to husband house. She is in vulnerable condition. Men and women are equally important. In an important article on the contribution of gender 'hindu girl patrilineal in india. Leela dubey traces the mechanism through which girl developed a gender identity by examine by rituals  ceremonies, language and practice of families. She emphasised that gender differences that are culturally interpreted are being rooted in biology. She explain this seed and earth according to her women are given secondary status and same comes understanding from women as passive receptacles. Man provide the seed White the women provide the field which receive the and nourish it. A child share the fathers blood. With in the natal groop a women Transferability and non functional nature is emphasised while with the marietal family instrumently.Todays society we seen women secondary righ...

Indias 59% of road accident fatalities do not involve any traffic violation indicating that road engineering is one of the biggest contributory factor for deaths. And india 53% death reported in accident occurred 6PM to 12 AM, indias rank first in the world in road accident fatalities.first India then china then USA. Indias top district in terms of road accident Nashik rural, Pune rural and Patna 59% road accident. India 2nd largest road network in the world after US. In India common reasons for road accident- Rash driving, overspeeding, road engineering, drunken driving, not following traffic rules, overloading of vehicles, road condition like fog poor visibility, lack of proper sign ages etc. The number of road accident fatalities in India increase to 1.77 lakh in 2024.resulting death of 485 person per according to government data, reality you can think. As per world road statistics 2024-fatality rate per lakh population is 4.3 in china, 12.76 in US, 11.89 in India. Stockholm declara...

 India is a hub of multiethnic, multilinguistic and multiculturalism.look at any place people talking about casticism and speak mostly dalit vote belong to this politics and yadavas vote belong to that politics and brahmana, chhatriya belong to this politics. I research some places i.e up, bihar, Rajasthan, MP and talking about educate and uneducate people almost situation same. India in almost 80 percent hindu and 14 percent muslim and minority people belong, and hindus follow Lord rama, krishna and so on, muslim follow allah. But the politics here not only among ,politics is connected with religion , custom and tradition of the people.almost politician deviate people given some subsidy free ration, 1500 women every month and lots of scheme announced government and opposition , in which they get help or people give vote this party. Prasent time same type politics Ongoing inWest Bengal election . The phenomena of devide and rule running continue. We think that government is wrong b...